Human anatomy - internal organs of the chest, abdominal, pelvic cavity, their location and structure, description, schemes with inscriptions

In this article, we will consider our important organs, their location and functions.

Every day, a large number of people surround us, we see their faces, clothes, look into their eyes. But there is something that is hidden from our gaze - this is an inner person. His soul, will, emotions and, of course, his internal organs. Of course, interest is aroused, but what is there under the skin. Moreover, in our complex mechanism, all systems are interconnected and complement each other. Therefore, often the pain of one organ is transmitted to related areas.

Human anatomy: What are internal organs?

The fact that we see visually the type of fingers, arms, legs, head and skin is an external structure. Internal organs are combined structures from cells and tissues, which perform certain functions and hidden under the skin.

Conditionally they are divided into three areas:

• this is the thoracic region
• abdominal plot
• and the plane of our pelvis

But internal organs are also in the head, neck and even in the mouth our language belongs to this group.

In addition, it is necessary to highlight that our the organs are collected in some systems that are grouped according to the functions performed:

• we go and generally move thanks to our muscles and skeletons (although they are inside us, but do not belong to internal organs!) - this musculoskeletal system and its device;
• for our "central processor" (brain) and the transmission of information between each cell of the body is responsible nervous system;
• it pumps blood throughout the body of our heart, which can be compared with the motherboard. After all, there is no limit to its importance, and together with their information vessels they create cardiovascular system;
• we breathe thanks respiratory systemand its main organ - easy;
• food system It has a relatively large group and helps to digest food for returning energy;
• but to cope with excess exchange products helps us excretory system;
• for the birth of children is responsible Reproductive complexfrom a series of organs;
• immunity also has its own support - this the immune system;
• a large role is assigned endocrine system,what is responsible for all metabolic processes and the production of hormones;
• and for the growth of our hair, nails and teeth, your complex is also responsible - this Intercession system!

The internal organs are also divided according to the structural characteristic:

• Tubular or hollow organs - This is our intestines, bronchi, trachea, etc.
• Parenchymal- By type of kidney and liver

Internal organs of the head and their location

• Let's start with the top of a person - from the head. Under the hair and skin there are also their internal organs - this brain.it Like a central management processor, but only a person.He edits information, receives and gives it from each part of the body, helping to control all this. All aromas, tastes, sensations, both pain and pleasant, send impulses to the central element, where these messages will be read and processed.
• In addition, it is like a converter that is responsible for the functioning of each system.The brain, like a control panel, gives commands about the right movement, thoughts and other functionality! This is the top of the nervous installation, being its center. Therefore, in fact, the brain consists of nerve endings. Such an extremely important, but vulnerable organ requires protection in the form of a skull.

• It is grouped into several segments:
  • we think thanks the main brainand his hemispheres
  • reflexes and control of their body, balance fall on the shoulders cerebellum
  • intermediate brainregulates internal coordinated work
  • Pons - This is a fee for receiving signals and exchange of information
  • there is also him trunk, that as if root fills our body with nervous endings

The weight of such a system covers from 1.1 to 2 kg! And this is 2% of our total mass.

Our neck has its own internal organs

Under the head is the neck. It contains The esophagus, trachea and blood flow.The skeleton (cervical spine) should provide the maximum possible flexibility for the head. There is a place for this larynxin the throat. This is a kind of musical instrument that allows us to make sounds, and also get food. By the way, this is a great merit of our language.

We offer to carefully study the structure of these internal organs of the neck:

Internal organs of the chest area

• We held a certain analogy hearts With a motherboard in computer technology. And they really have something in common-this is a special muscle the size of a fist, the weight of which seems small for such an important mission-about 250-300, but the heart is a motor of our body. It not only pumps blood through all systems, but also saturates them with oxygen for functioning. If the heart stops, then other systems will not be able to work!
  • Yes, each of the internal organs during a malfunction will affect the overall work of the whole organism. But without a heart, as without a fee, no system can work!

• Its location is not in the center! It has a certain shift to the left, although there are exceptions.
• The heart itself consists of two halves, which, in turn, are divided using partitions (valves) into the lower and upper departments. These are our sinuses or ventricles.
• The main thing comes out of the left ventricle aorta or artery. There are also various “industries” in the human heart. Arteries and veins.And it is precisely their merit to transfer blood to all organs, giving oxygen, and returning back to the heart and easy to saturate and re -cycle. We pay attention to the lower scheme of our small and large blood flow:

• Lungsthey walk with a couple - these are our internal organs for breathing. When it comes to the absorption of oxygen and other particles in the air, as well as its repeated exhalation, the lungs work in our bodies.
• The respiratory department consists Of the two parts. These “two wings”, which visually cause such an association, are again divided into smaller areas, called lung shares. In general, the organ itself is somewhat similar in structure to a sponge.

• The right lung consists of three, the left lung - of two shares.In general, the left structure is approximately 50-60 g smaller than the right side. The average weight ranges from 350 to 450 g of only one segment. Although in height the left lung is 2-3 cm higher, it is narrower due to the shift of the heart in his direction. As if the lung moved to free up the place for our main board.
• Bronchiare the main passage to the lungs. When someone takes a breath through the nose or mouth, the air enters the larynx. The next step is through trachea,which transfers air to Left and right bronchus. It seems to be a connecting tube of both halves of the respiratory organ.

Important: in this area, at the very top, our thyroid gland is located! This is the basis of the endocrine system, which is responsible for all hormonal and metabolic processes. Her weight is only 20 g.

It is also worth noting that the internal organs include the diaphragm in their list! She shares the chest and abdominal compartment. But it also helps in breathing and acts as a support for the upper systems.

There is also a thymus or thymus iron in the upper thoracic part - it is responsible for our immunity!

Internal organs of the abdominal cavity

The so -called stomach, which contributes to digestion, and includes the digestive tract and other auxiliary internal organs - is called abdominal cavity. At the same time, it has a protective membrane with the corresponding name - the abdominal shell. But only the digestive organs are located in it. Outside of the peritoneum, there are kidneys, bladder and ureter.

• Immediately under the diaphragm with a shift to the left, our stomach.This is already the basis for digestion. That is, this body takes food, gives signals about saturation and is engaged in the primary digestion of products. The gastric mucosa is used to form gastric acid, and also produces substances that contribute to digestion.
• The esophagus -a hollow tubular organ in the neck and chest that connects the mouth to the stomach. The muscles here advance food to the stomach.

• Small intestinehe receives food from the stomach and breaks it down, while absorbing most of its nutrients.
• Colon.This organ is filled with billions of harmless bacteria that turn food into feces, removing water and electrolytes for use by the body.

Important: the main organs that help to filter pollutants from the body are also in the abdominal area. These include liver and kidneys.

• Liverit is located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity, under the ribs. Despite the fact that it has many functions, the liver is best known due to blood treatment, separating waste from nutrients. It consists of two shares - the right and left lobes of the liver.
  • The liver has a relatively strong ability to self -healing compared to other organs of the human body. If the part dies or is injured, or damage, then this fabric can form again.

• The gall bladder It is a small bag under the liver, which contains additional biles made in the liver until it is downloaded into the small intestine. Bile helps to break down fat.

• Pancreas -another gland that produces enzymes to help our body absorb proteins, carbohydrates and fats. It also produces hormones that help regulate the distribution of nutrients, including sugar.

• Most people have two kidneys,which are located in the rear of the body, under the ribs, on each side of the spine. The kidneys filter waste from blood flow, which is excreted from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys also help regulate the level of electrolytes, such as salt and potassium, and produce certain hormones that play various roles in the body.

• On top of the kidneys are located adrenal (adrenal) glands.They synthesize and secrete hormones that help the kidneys preserve sodium, thereby keeping water.
• Spleen It is an organ that is responsible for both storage and cleaning of red blood cells. It is located in the upper left of the abdomen and is the largest organ of the lymphatic system.
• Appendix -it has protective functions, namely to avoid inflammation in the abdominal area. In itself, it is relatively small - 1 cm by 12 cm.

Internal organs of the pelvic cavity

Here we include:

• Rectum. Located at the end of the colon. This small space is a place of temporary storage of feces, the withdrawal of which is carried out through Anus
• Bladder,what is directly related to our kidneys and removes excess and unnecessary liquid in the form of urine. It is located in front of the pubic bone

But there are still female internal organs:

• Baby organ or uterus,what is located above the bladder, in the very center. It resembles a pear, a direct function - bearing a child. Inside has a muscle form for large stretching;
• Ovaries- These are small bags that are located on the sides of the uterus and are responsible for the production of female hormones. And also play an important role in conception (more precisely, the eggs contained in them);
• Thanks to uterine pipesthe ovaries are connected to the uterus and the eggs for fertilization pass these "bridges";
• Cervix - This is the so -called access to the vagina, the birth canal;
• Vagina - This is a hollow organ, which has a tubular form and acts as a channel to the childbearing region. It has a length of up to 12 cm, and for stretching a folded shape.

Men's groups:

• In the response for the urinary and seed channel - prostate.It is based on the muscles and glands, is under the bladder;
• A bubble is also located behind it, but steam and seminal.In a diameter of about 5 cm. It will be taken for the production of fructose, which is important for the proper quality and number of spermatozoa;
• They are also responsible for their production and testicles,what are located in the scrotum. It is they who provoke the production of testosterone.

So, you saw that a person has many internal organs, each of which performs an important mission and gives us the opportunity to live!

Video: internal organs of a person - interesting facts