Or not mushrooms of lines are edible or not - varieties of lines and their toxicity

Why do some people say that the lines are edible, others - that they are deadly? An article about the toxicity and varieties of lines.

They are edible mushrooms or not - disputes about this has not been fading away for many years. In this article we will figure out why mushrooms are dangerous. And we will try to find the maximum of reliable information explaining why the mushrooms are poisonous. We will tell you why in the Soviet Union these mushrooms attributed to the "conditionally edible", and after which processing, they were allowed to eat. We also speculate on the topic whether it is worth doing at all.

Mushrooms smorkiwhich are considered edible devoted another article on our website.

The lines of mushrooms are edible or not?

According to statistics, 23% of poisoning with mushrooms recorded in Eastern Europe - this is poisoning with mushrooms with lines. If we take into account that the lines can only be found a month and a half a year (this is mid -April and May), then this figure is very large. For example, pale barking can be found at almost any time of the year, except winter.

Surprisingly, but In Europe, mushroom poisoning with lines They are constant and heavy, and in the north of Russia, mushrooms are edible, according to local residents.

In fact, in the northern regions, poisoning with lines is fixed much less than in countries with a warmer climate. Why this happens, no one really knows. Scientists break their heads over this, and several hypotheses have already been advanced:

• Some scientists tend to believe that depending on the climate Mushrooms of lines accumulate either a small or a huge amount of giromitrin poison.
• Sometimes they say that the amount of poison in the lines depends on the fact that how quickly the mushroom was "nourished" with water.

• It also deserves the opinion that on poor clay soils, the lines grow not poisonous. But if they settle on a rich chernozem - And they accumulate a huge amount of toxic substances in themselves. Therefore, residents of the Kuban, Ukraine and other regions with rich soil, it is better not to eat lines for food in general.
• There is a hypothesis that in the north of Russia and in Europe they are growing different types of lines.
• Some explain such a different amount of poisoning even genetic factors. And they say that, they say, for the northerners of the line, mushrooms are edible, because their organisms are adapted to them, while for Europeans, mushrooms are poisonous and deadly.

One way or another, all modern scientists agree that the fungi lines contain dangerous for humans giromitrin poison.

Giromitrin - This is a unique poison, which was first detected in the lines and is found only in them.

Giromitrin has much in common with the substance hydrazine, which is extremely toxic and is used in some chemical industries. For example, in the production of plastics and rocket fuel.

Previously, the opinion was that the lines contain a poisonous substance helvellic acid. Then they wanted to repeat the experience in the release of helvellic acid in 1965, and they really did not find this acid. But in the same studies from the lines, it was possible to distinguish the poison of girometrin.

Description of the mushrooms of lines in Western literature

One of the scientists who expressed the opinion about the mushrooms of the lines - Pavel Kalatz. This is a specialist in the field of chemistry and microbiology, professor of South Czech University. The author of scientific works and books devoted in particular, the chemical properties of mushrooms and the effect of feed on milk. Currently Pavel Kalatz It works on such a burning theme as the influence of biologically active substances in human health.

In his book "Edible mushrooms: chemical composition and food value" Pavel Kalaz destroys the myth that the mushrooms are edible. The lines got into the section "Poisonous mushrooms" this book. Here's what the scientist says about them:

• Mushrooms of the genus Gyromitra Numerous and popular, thanks to their excellent taste. They are particularly successful in Scandinavian countries. Some mushrooms of this kind are edible, and some are poisonous. In particular, poisonous G. Esculenta (ordinary grip).
• The mushrooms of ordinary grogs contain poison giromitrin In different concentrations, from 40 to 700 mg per kilogram of mushrooms.

Further, the professor describes the picture of the poisoning with mushrooms with sweets. In general, the picture resembles poisoning with a pale bog.

• An individual response to girometrin is variable (that is, different people in different circumstances can transfer this poison better or worse).
• When eating the fungi of the lines, gyromitrin enters and quickly reacts with the acidic content of the stomach. As a result of the reaction, toxic and carcinogenic substances are formed, which are quickly absorbed into the blood.
• A few hours after poisoning, vomiting and diarrhea occur.
• But the most typical disorders of the nervous system and a decrease in blood glucose.
• The second phase occurs after a period of calm. Such a period can last two to three days. The second phase is characterized by disorders from the nervous system and internal organs. Such cases of mushroom poisoning with lines are fatal.

Sometimes intoxication occurs not only when the fungi mushrooms are eating, but also when the steam inhales, during their preparation. The giromitrin is not fully boiled from mushrooms, and when the lines are placed, the decoction and its pairs becomes poisonous.

Further, the author talks about how to cook mushrooms of the lines in order to get rid of the poison in them.

• Giromitrin does not evaporate when dried. In other sources, there is also information that if you dry the lines, then the concentration of the poison in them only increases. And in order to get rid of the girometrin, the mushrooms must dry for six months, and necessarily in a ventilated place.
• Boiling of the lines must be repeated several times, in large volumes of water, changing water. Moreover, the dishes must be open.

If you cover pan with mushrooms lines lid, then the toxic substances will not disappear, and you will get a huge risk of getting poisoning.

Mushrooms Strits Description in Soviet literature

In Soviet cook books and encyclopedias, mushrooms were really listed as conditionally edible.

• But, firstly, these mushrooms were attributed precisely to the conditionally sedimentary, and this means that they could be eaten only after special processing.
• Secondly, mushrooms of lines do not relate to mushrooms that can be children in Soviet literature.
• Thirdly, pay attention to how hard the requirements for the preparation of mushrooms in the Soviet Union were.

For example, white mushrooms according to sanitary standards, before serving on the table, had to be treated in several stages. And this despite the fact that white mushrooms are considered one of the safest.

1. Take dried white mushrooms.
2. Win them for 2 hours in cold water, drain water.
3. Boil the mushrooms for an hour.
4. Drain the water and dry the mushrooms.
5. After that, the mushrooms should be finely chopped and they can be added to the soup or other dish.

Mushrooms of lines - are they edible in modern encyclopedias?

In 2014, a voluminous book was published "Encyclopedia of agriculture and food systems". The book was created by the international team of authors. In the chapter "Food toxicology" It is indicated that the mushroom Gyromitra Esculenta (he is an ordinary grip) contains the poison of girometrin. This mushroom in the book is also called a false sweat.

The encyclopedia states that the negative consequences of poisoning with mushrooms arise 6-12 hours after their use. And the symptoms include:

• Bloating.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Watery or bloody diarrhea.
• Abdominal pain.
• Muscle cramps, fainting and atoxia (violation of perception and coordination).

Mushrooms are edible or not - the opinion of doctors

In the book of 2014 "Encyclopedia of toxicology" There is a chapter dedicated to the girmitrine written Thomas R. Beat. Thomas a certified practitioner from the USA, whose profile is emergency medical care and medical toxicology.

In his message, he includes in the list of toxic mushrooms not only all the well -known mushrooms are ordinary lines Gyromitra Esculentabut also Gyromitra Gigas - this is giant linesWhich in our countries for some reason is considered to be safer.

In Western publications giant lines appear as poisonous mushrooms, containing girometrin.

Mushrooms Strots photo Giant line:

In addition to these two widely known species Thomas R. Frights The list of toxic relatives of the ordinary line includes Gyromitra Fastigiata (Buffin line)and Gyromitra Infula.

Mushrooms Starts photo of the bundle line:

Buffin linelike an ordinary line - spring mushroom. His hat is not as winding as an ordinary line. But in the context, these mushrooms are similar. In adult bundles, a large hat is 12-15 cm in diameter.

Concerning Gyromitra Infulaor a line of autumn - this mushroom is attributed to the poisonous even in Soviet literature. Where there was a more loyal attitude to lines of other species. This mushroom is a record holder for the number of poisons and toxins contained inside. And its distinctive feature is that it grows in August or early autumn, and not in the spring, like the rest of the lines.

Some other names of the autumn line reflect its properties. This mushroom is also called:

• Autumn lop.
• The line is horned.
• The giromitra is inviolable.

Mushrooms Strots photo of the autumn line:

Thomas R. Frights It claims that girometrin is a hydrazon that quickly decomposes when heated or in an acidic environment. These mushrooms can cause gastrointestinal, neurological, renal and hematological symptoms of poisoning.

Video: Differences between different types of lines. Opinion about the poisonousness of certain types of mushrooms.

Attention: We do not recommend consuming any kind of food. The opinion of the authors of the video below is their opinion. And there are lines, even after thoroughly trimming, you can only at your own peril and risk.